Passenger
Passenger and Light Duty Vehicles
Vehicle |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
AUDI |
||||||||||
|
X |
|||||||||
A3 e-tron
photo courtesy Audi USA |
X |
|||||||||
A4 Quattro (2014-15)photo courtesy Audi USA |
X |
|||||||||
A5 Quattro (Coupe)
|
X |
|||||||||
A5 Cabrioletphoto courtesy Audi USA |
X |
|||||||||
A7
photo courtesy Audi USA |
X |
|||||||||
Q5 |
X |
|||||||||
Q5 Hybrid |
X |
|||||||||
BMW |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Active Hybrid 3photo courtesy BMW North America |
X |
|||||||||
Active Hybrid 5
photo courtesy BMW North America |
X |
|||||||||
Active Hybrid 7photo courtesy BMW North America |
X |
|||||||||
i3
photo courtesy BMW North America |
X |
|||||||||
i8
photo courtesy BMW North America |
X |
|||||||||
BENTLEY |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Flying Spur
photo courtesy Bentley Motors |
X |
|||||||||
Continental GT
photo courtesy Bentley Motors |
X |
|||||||||
Continental GT Speed Convertiblephoto courtesy Bentley Motors |
X |
|||||||||
Continental Supersport
photo courtesy Bentley Motors |
X |
|||||||||
CHEVROLET |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Caprice Police Patrol Vehicle (2014)
photo courtesy GM, Chevrolet USA |
X |
|||||||||
Captiva (2014)
photo courtesy GM, Chevrolet USA |
X |
|||||||||
Cruze – 2014-15 |
X |
X |
||||||||
Equinox (2015)
photo courtesy Chevrolet USA
|
X |
X |
||||||||
Impala (2015)
photo courtesy Chevrolet USA (Limited Police model – Ethanol only) |
X |
X |
||||||||
Spark EV |
X |
|||||||||
Volt |
X |
|||||||||
Silverado 1500 2wd/4wd (2015)photo courtesy Chevrolet USA (incl. Special Services 2wd/4wd) (see also Medium-Heavy Duty page) |
X |
|||||||||
Silverado 2500 HD (2015)
photo courtesy Chevrolet USA (see also Medium-Heavy Duty page) |
X |
X |
X(HD only) |
|||||||
Silverado 3500 HD (2015)& 2Wd/4Wd (see also Medium-Heavy Duty page) |
X |
X |
X |
|||||||
Suburban 2Wd/4Wd (2015)
photo courtesy Chevrolet USA |
X |
|||||||||
Tahoe& Tahoe Police 2Wd/4Wd (2015)
photo courtesy Chevrolet USA |
X |
|||||||||
BUICK |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
La Crosse
photo courtesy Buick USA |
X |
|||||||||
Regalphoto courtesy Buick
|
X |
|||||||||
Verano
photo courtesy Buick |
X |
|||||||||
CADILLAC |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
ATS Sedan
photo courtesy Cadillac |
X |
|||||||||
ELR
photo courtesy Cadillac |
X |
|||||||||
Escaladephoto courtesy Cadillac
|
X |
X |
||||||||
SRXphoto courtesy Cadillac |
X |
|||||||||
DODGE |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Avenger (2014)photo courtesy Dodge USA |
X |
|||||||||
Ram 1500 EcoDiesel |
X |
|||||||||
Charger
Charger Police Pursuit option available, not pictured here |
X |
|||||||||
Dodge Durango
Durango Police Special Services vehicle available, not pictured here |
X |
|||||||||
Grand Caravan (2014-15)
photo courtesy Dodge USA |
X |
|||||||||
Journey (2014-15)
courtesy Dodge USA |
X |
|||||||||
FIAT |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
500ephoto courtesy Fiat USA |
X |
|||||||||
FORD |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
C-Max Energi (2014-15)
photo courtesy Ford Motor Company USA |
X |
|||||||||
Expedition 2wd/4wd(2014-15)
photo courtesy Ford USA |
X |
|||||||||
Explorer (2014-15)photo courtesy Ford USA |
X |
|||||||||
Focus
photo courtesy Ford USA
|
X |
X |
||||||||
Fusion
photo courtesy Ford USA (Titanium, S, SE, Energi) |
X |
|||||||||
Fusion Energi
photo courtesy Ford USA |
X |
|||||||||
Police Interceptor
photo courtesy Ford USA & Interceptor Utility
photo courtesy Ford USA |
X |
|||||||||
Taurus
photo courtesy Ford USA |
X |
|||||||||
GENERAL MOTORS(GMC) |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Terrainphoto courtesy General Motors |
X |
|||||||||
Yukon 2WD/4WD
photo courtesy General Motors Company |
X |
|||||||||
Yukon Denali 4WD (2014)photo courtesy General Motors Company |
X |
|||||||||
Yukon XL 2WD/4WD
photo courtesy General Motors Company |
X |
|||||||||
HONDA |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Accord (2014-15)Hybrid 
Honda Accord Hybrid courtesy Honda USA Plug In (PEV) 
Honda Accord Plug In courtesy Honda USA |
X |
X |
||||||||
Civic Hybrid (2014-15)
Honda Civic Hybrid photo courtesy Honda USA Civic CNG 
Honda Civic CNG photo courtesy Honda USA |
X |
X |
||||||||
Clarity & FCX Clarity (2014)
photo courtesy Honda FCX Clarity |
X |
|||||||||
CR-Z (2014-15)
photo courtesy Honda CR-Z |
X |
|||||||||
Fit (2014-15)
photo courtesy Honda USA |
X |
|||||||||
Insight (2014)photo courtesy Honda USA |
X |
|||||||||
HYUNDAI |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Sonata |
X |
|||||||||
Tucson (2015)photo courtesy Hyundai USA |
X |
|||||||||
Infiniti |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Q50 & Q50S(2014-15)
photo courtesy Infiniti Q50 |
X |
|||||||||
Q70 Hybrid (2014-15)
photo courtesy Infiniti Q70 Hybrid |
X |
|||||||||
QX60 (2014)photo courtesy Infiniti USA |
X |
|||||||||
JAGUAR |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
XJ FFV (2014-15)photo courtesy Jaguar Land Rover North America |
X |
|||||||||
XJL FFV (2014-15)
photo courtesy Jaguar Land Rover North America |
X |
|||||||||
XF FFV (2014) |
X |
|||||||||
JEEP |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Cherokee
photo courtesy FCA US LLC |
X |
|||||||||
Grand Cherokeephoto courtesy FCA US LLC |
X |
|||||||||
KIA |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Optima Hybridphoto courtesy Kia Motors America |
X |
|||||||||
Soul
Kia Soul EV photo courtesy Kia Motors America |
X |
X |
||||||||
LAND ROVER |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Range Rover (2014-15)
photo courtesy Jaguar Land Rover North America LLC |
X |
|||||||||
Range Rover L (2015)
photo courtesy Jaguar Land Rover North America LLC |
X |
|||||||||
Range Rover Sport (2014-15)photo courtesy Jaguar Land Rover North America LLC |
X |
|||||||||
LEXUS |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
CT 200h (2014-15) |
X |
|||||||||
GS 450h (2015)
photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc |
X |
|||||||||
GS 450 F Sport (2014-15)
photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
LS 600h L (2014-15)
photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
NX 300h (2015)
photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
RX 450h (2014-15)photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
ES 300h (2014)
photo courtesy Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
LINCOLN |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
MKZ (2015-15)photo courtesy Ford Motor Company |
X |
|||||||||
Navigator (2014)
photo courtesy Ford Motor Company |
X |
|||||||||
MERCEDES-BENZ |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
B-Class (2014-15)photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
X |
||||||||
C300 4Matic (2014)photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
|||||||||
E350 4Matic Sedan/Coupe (2015)
|
X |
|||||||||
E400 (2015) Hybrid
photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
|||||||||
GLA 250 4Matic (2015)
photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
|||||||||
ML 350 4Matic (2015)
photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz ML350 |
||||||||||
S550 (2015)photo courtesy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
|||||||||
MITSUBISHI |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
i-Miev (2014-15)
photo courtesy Mitsubishi Motors North America |
X |
|||||||||
NISSAN |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Armada 2WD/4WD(2014-15) photo courtesy Nissan North America, Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
Leaf (2014-15)
photo courtesy Nissan North America, Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
Pathfinder (2015)
photo courtesy Nissan North America, Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
Titan 2WD/4WD
photo courtesy Nissan North America, Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
PORSCHE |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
918 Spyder (2015)
courtesy Porsche Cars North America |
X |
|||||||||
Cayenne S E (2014-15)Photo courtesy Porsche Cars North America |
X |
|||||||||
Panamera S E (2014-15)
photo courtesy Porsche Cars North America |
X |
|||||||||
SCION |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
iQ (2014)photo courtesy Scion, a marque of Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
RAM |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
See Medium/Heavy DutyVehicles section |
||||||||||
SMART |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Smart for Two ED
photo couresy Mercedes-Benz USA |
X |
|||||||||
SUBARU |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
XV Crosstek (2014-15)
photo courtesy Subaru America |
X |
|||||||||
TESLA |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Model S (2014-15)
photo courtesy Tesla Motors, Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
TOYOTA |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
Avalon (2014-15)
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Camry (2014-15)
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Highlander (2014-15)
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Mirai (2016)
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Prius
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Prius C
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Prius V
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
RAV4
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Sequoia 4WDphoto courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
Tundra 4WD
photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA |
X |
|||||||||
VOLKSWAGEN |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
BioDiesel |
PHEV/HEV |
PEV |
FCEV |
Propane |
CNG |
LNG |
Incentives |
e-Golf
photo courtesy Volkswagen of America Inc. |
X |
|||||||||
Jettaphoto courtesy Volkswagen of America Inc. |
X |
X |
||||||||
Touareg
photo courtesy Volkswagen of America, Inc. |
X |
Further Reading:
Clean Cities 2015 Vehicle Buyer’s Guide, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (Clean Cities)
Clean Cities 2014 Vehicle Buyer’s Guide, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (Clean Cities)
EV City Casebook: 50 Big Ideas Shaping the Future of Electric Mobility, Source Urban Foresight Ltd, October 2014.
Flexible Fuel Vehicles: Providing a Renewable Fuel Choice, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efifciency & Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Program, March 2010
Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efifciency & Renewable Energy Clean Cities, May 2014
Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Consumers, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efifciency & Renewable Energy Clean Cities
Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Fleet Managers, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efifciency & Renewable Energy Clean Cities
Clean Cities Tools: Tools to help you save money, use less petroleum, and reduce emissions, Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efifciency & Renewable Energy Clean Cities
Impact of Fuel Metal Impurities on the Durability of a Light-Duty Diesel Aftertreatment System, Source: presented at the SAE 2013 World Congress and Exhibition and printed by NREL (NREL/CP-5400-57585). authors: Aaron Williams, Jonathan Burton, & Robert McCormick (NREL; Todd Toops, Andrew A. Wereszczak, Ethan E. Fox, & Michael J. Lance (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Giovanni Cavataio, Douglas Dobson, & Jim Warner (Ford Motor Co); Rasto Brezny (Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association); K. Nguyen & D. William Brookshear (University of Tennessee-Knoxville).
Effect of Accelerated Aging Rate on the Capture of Fuel-Borne Metal Impurities by Emissions Control Devices, Source: presented at the SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, April 8-10, 2014, Detroit, Michigan. reprinted by NREL (NREL/JA-5400-61077); authors: Aaron Williams & Robert McCormick (NREL; Michael Lance, Chao Xie, & Todd Toops (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Rasto Brezny (Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association).
